Morphometric study of ketoconazole treated liver in albino rats

To study the effects of Ketoconazole induced liver damage, compare with control group and correlate with previous studies. Forty adult male albino rats were used for this study. Group-A served as control animals, received injection of normal saline in dose of 0.05 ml/100 gm of body weight intraperitoneally daily for 03, 07, 15 and 30 days. Group-B received injection of Ketoconazole 40 mg/kg of body weight intraperitoneally daily for 03, 07, 15 and 30 days of treatment. Animals were sacrificed after completion of treatment under ether anaesthesia. Liver were removed, fixed in 10% and alcoholic formalin for 24-48 hours. They were dehydrated in ascending strength of alcohol and paraffin tissue blocks were made 5 IJm thick section were stained with H and E for general morphology and micrometry and Gomori's reticulin stain for observing reticulin fibres. The results were compared with control. Analyzed statistically with student 't' test and correlate with previous studies. Ketoconazole treated animals showed distortion of hepatic architecture, increase size of hepatocytes, decrease nuclear diameter and necrosis of hepatocytes. Increased amount of reticulin fibres and area of focal fibrosis within hepatic lobule as compared to control group-A animals. It is concluded from this study that Ketoconazole induce injury is dose and duration of therapy dependent and due to its cost effective frequent use needs further research in humans

Serum and salivary minerals in dental caries

Dental caries is a multifactor disease, affecting people of all ages. Inorganic mineral of serum and saliva can also have protective role in dental caries. This study was carried out to evaluate and compare the possible role of salivary and serum factors like pH, adequate level of calcium, phosphate and fluoride in dental caries. A Total of 100 subjects aged 10-40 were selected. Decayed, missed and filled teeth [DMFT] were used as indices for scoring the dental caries and were distributed or divided into 4 groups on the basis of DMFT indices as 4-8 [Group I], 9-16 [Group II], 17-24 [Group III] and more than 25 [Group IV], while the control subjects had DMFT index equal to or less than 3 BH, calcium phosphate, fluoride and lactic acid were analyzed in saliva and serum. Patients of dental caries showed significantly low levels of calcium, phosphate, fluoride [P<0.001] and significantly high level of lactic acid [P<0.001] in all the groups as compared to control subjects. Prominent significant changes were observed in different groups. The salivary and serum pH, calcium, fluoride, phosphate and lactic levels were found to be significantly changed among the patients having dental caries. It can be concluded from the findings of present study that the adequate levels of calcium, phosphate and fluoride in saliva as well as serum are responsible for the significant deposition of these minerals in plaque which greatly reduces the developmental caries in the adjacent enamel